em dash en dash

The en dash can be typed as Alt + 0150. Without dash: The May 1, 2020, edition of the Ames Sentinel arrived in June. d. accurate and, where necessary, kept up to date; every reasonable step must be taken to ensure that personal data that are inaccurate, having regard to the purposes for which they are processed, are erased or rectified without delay; It also may be used to indicate something missing. The term “em dash” comes from the field of typography—an “em” is a width equivalent to the height of a given font. Instead, … b. Some say to use the en dash instead of the em dash, while others go so far as to advocate using the hyphen, advice that would lead to confusion for readers, as we have noted above. By definition, a hanging hyphen will have a space after it but not before it. Em dashes draw attention to the information they enclose or set apart. The hyphen, em dash and en dash crop up all the time while you’re using Microsoft Word, but most of us don’t know why and we use the different dashes inconsistently. A good rule of thumb is to reserve em dashes for those places where the comma simply doesn’t provide a strong enough break. No one – not even the president – realized the company would have to dissolve so quickly. By using our website you consent to our use of cookies. There’s much more that could be written to fully explain the difference between hyphens and dashes. This is easier than you think, and a very practical English lesson. As you can see, the em dash is the longest of the three, and roughly the width of the letter m, which is how it got its name. When using the hyphen, the en dash, or the em dash, most—but not all—style books advocate putting space neither before nor after them. The instructions were written on pages 33-47. In spring 2017, her creative nonfiction piece "Anticipation" was published in Angles literary magazine. to indicate a break or interruption in thought or to separate a sentence from a bullet point. The archiving policy shall consider what data should/must be retained, for how long, and why. On a Mac, the keyboard shortcut Option + Dash (-) makes an en dash, and Option + Shift + Dash (-) makes an em dash. So, using our em dash example above of 12px, the en dash would be 6px wide. Parentheses tend to downplay an idea; they suggest that the information in them is helpful but not necessary. It’s difficult because they’re not something you use while speaking. The en dash (–) is slightly wider than the hyphen (-) but narrower than the em dash (—). to show other kinds of break in a sentence where a comma, semicolon, or colon would be traditionally used: One thing’s for sure—he doesn’t want to face the truth. Without dash: The man from Ames, Iowa, arrived. Get It Write Online That said, here are guidelines for typing on many keyboards: British/Canadian style guides seem wildly inconsistent on the issue of the em and en dash. The Business shall ensure that personal data is stored securely using modern software that is kept-up-to-date. END OF POLICY, Courses, Seminars, and Conference Presentations, Myth Rules: Eight So-Called “Rules” to Ignore. How I use en dashes and em dashes En dashes: Sybrand Engelbrecht (1814–2177): Unspaced en dash. We bought markers, paper, pens, and tablets—all of which were on sale, of course—for our clients to use in the courtroom. We are no longer supporting IE (Internet Explorer) as we strive to provide site experiences for browsers that support new web standards and security practices. Below I explain what each dash is used for, provide examples, and show you how to create these marks in different word processors. Parenthetical ideas can be set off by commas, but it can be helpful to use em dashes for emphasis. 3. As in, “Season 5 of Friends ran from 1998 to 1999,” or “My flight from New York to Los Angeles was delayed.”), Another way to use an en dash is to create complex compound adjectives. a. The em dash has several uses. #emdash #endash En-dashes are used to express a range (“5–10 year sentence”). Access to personal data shall be limited to personnel who need access, and appropriate security should be in place to avoid unauthorised sharing of information. How to Enter Hyphens, En Dashes and Em Dashes in HTML and Word. Terminology Dashes are sometimes referred to as ‘rules’, especially in the UK. En dash vs. em dash is one of the trickiest punctuation issues there is. The Business shall note the appropriate lawful basis in the Register of Systems. The instructions were written on pages 33–47. Its use or misuse for this purpose is a matter of taste, and subject to the effect on the writer’s or reader’s “ear.”. Note that there is no space added on either side of an em dash. We can use these dashes in pairs, as we would use parentheses—that is, to enclose a word, or a phrase, or a clause (as we’ve done here)—or they can be used alone to detach one end of a sentence from its main body. In fact, an em is a typographical unit of measurement.). Oxford’s New Hart’s Rules (NHR) refers to the ‘en rule’ and the ‘em rule’ whereas The Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS) discusses ‘en dashes’ and ‘em dashes’. Many people were not even aware of the distinction between the en dash and the em dash until the advent of word processors, when software programs enabled us to use marks of punctuation that once had been available only to professional printers. The typical computer keyboard lacks a dedicated key for the en dash, though most word processors provide a means for its insertion. If you want to replace the Em dash or En dash with a normal hyphen, type the hyphen after removing the Em or En dash. On Windows it's...less simple: you need to use an alt code to get an em dash. Em dashes set apart parenthetical phrases or clauses in a sentence.In this use, em dashes are similar to commas and parentheses, but there are subtle differences.For example, em dashes are used when a parenthetical remark contains an internal comma or would otherwise sound awkward if enclosed by commas. Notwithstanding its versatility, the em dash is … Before word processing, we had to make an em dash by typing two hyphens. (A common myth holds that the en dash is, in fact, the width of a typesetter’s letter “N,” whereas the em dash is the width of the letter “M”—thus their names. 8. With dash: The Ames Sentinel—dated May 1, 2020—arrived in June. c. When personal data is deleted this should be done safely such that the data is irrecoverable. It gets its name—no big surprise here—because it's the width of an M. This punctuation mark is used primarily in informal writing in place of a comma, colon, semicolon, or parentheses to provide emphasis. Where necessary for the lawful basis on which data is processed, steps shall be put in place to ensure that personal data is kept up to date. The code is (approximately): public const char enDash = (char)0x2013; public const char emDash = (char)0x2014; (Note: If you use the word “from” to introduce these ranges, you need to use the word “to,” not an en dash. e. kept in a form which permits identification of data subjects for no longer than is necessary for the purposes for which the personal data are processed; personal data may be stored for longer periods insofar as the personal data will be processed solely for archiving purposes in the public interest, scientific or historical research purposes or statistical purposes subject to implementation of the appropriate technical and organizational measures required by the GDPR in order to safeguard the rights and freedoms of individuals; and We can also choose en and em dashes from a menu of symbols that do not appear on the keyboard. An em dash (—) is used as a substitute for a comma, colon, semi-colon or parentheses. Sometimes, an em dash is used in the same manner as a bullet point or to show an interruption between two people engaged in a dialogue. For an en dash, press the option and minus keys. First, it may be used to indicate a range—of numbers, of distances, or of times—between two terms. The practice of using two hyphens for a dash is a holdover from the days of typewriters. Archiving / removal With dash: The man—he was from Ames, Iowa—arrived. The esteemed Oxford University Press style guide explains how to use both the em and en dashes, so we can assume that at least this authoritative source advocates using both. GDPR means the General Data Protection Regulation. It’s the middle one of the three in terms of size—bigger than a hyphen, smaller than an em dash. A flock of sparrows – some of them juveniles – alighted and sang. 1. It is wider than an en dash (–) or a hyphen (-). a. processed lawfully, fairly and in a transparent manner in relation to individuals; The en and em dashes appear on the bottom row. Use Em Dashes to Set Off Parenthetical Information b. To type it on a computer, you press Option/Alt plus the Hyphen key. Computer keyboards lack individual keys for either of the dashes. b. It is primarily used to replace “through” or “to” in spans of time and ranges of numbers: I read pages 34–96 last night from 10:00–11:00pm. Now we have options. The Business shall take reasonable steps to ensure personal data is accurate. To ensure its processing of data is lawful, fair and transparent, the Business shall maintain a Register of Systems. Place the text cursor after the Em dash or En dash, then press the Backspace . Unfortunately, the em-dash — and the en-dash (–) for that matter — is not popular enough to deserve its own place on the keyboard. [, Juan tried begging, bribing, and even demanding cooperation from his staff—all of whom were swamped with other work—before he gave up and wrote the report himself. Each new article will be delivered to your e-mail address. If a comma (or a pair of them) works, use it. Even for native speakers, writing in English can be a challenge. little grammar rules to follow that make you seem smarter! Em-dashes mark a pause, setting one part of a sentence off from the other, as in a parenthetical or appositive (“The weather—which was unseasonably hot—oppressed them.”, “I … [. The hyphen, the em dash, and the en dash are all horizontal marks of varying lengths. This can happen when one of the things is a name, as in, “a Paul McCartney–style guitarist.” But any two words that are being linked with another need an en dash, not a hyphen: “Despite being in the second grade, your child exhibits fifth grade–level reading comprehension.”. f. processed in a manner that ensures appropriate security of the personal data, including protection against unauthorised or unlawful processing and against accidental loss, destruction or damage, using appropriate technical or organizational measures.” c. adequate, relevant and limited to what is necessary in relation to the purposes for which they are processed; The en dash is approximately the length of the letter n, and the em dash the length of the letter m. The shorter en dash (–) is used to mark ranges. Below we define each mark, explain when to use them, and provide instructions for typing them on both PCs and Macs. d. Where communications are sent to individuals based on their consent, the option for the individual to revoke their consent should be clearly available and systems should be in place to ensure such revocation is reflected accurately in the Business’s systems. Span or range of numbers. The longer em dash (—) is used to separate extra information or mark a break in a sentence. On computer keyboards, the hyphen appears on the bottom half of the key located on the top row between the “0” and the equals mark (=). a. The en dash is so called because it’s the same width as a capital N in typeface. Glitter, felt, yarn, and buttons—his kitchen looked as if a clown had exploded. All data processed by the Business must be done on one of the following lawful bases: consent, contract, legal obligation, vital interests, public task or legitimate interests (see ICO guidance for more information). The en dash (–) is longer than a hyphen but shorter than an em dash. The long dash is the widest of the three horizontal marks that may be used in the middle of a sentence. To be more precise, the width of an em dash is more aligned to the width of the capital H, and en dash is about half that. This was a big debate between my editor and me when I was writing my book. It's twice as long as the en dash, and is used most often in a sentence to set apart two independent but related ideas. c. This policy shall be reviewed at least annually. Can you spot any errors in the use of the hyphen, the en dash, or the em dash in the following sentences? a. Our British and Canadian readers—and, indeed, any English-speaking reader outside the U.S.—should consult the style manual to which they default. a. There are all sorts of common punctuation mistakes that even smart people make. In this video I will discuss the difference between the EN dash and the EM dash. In fact, the em dash is named after its length—it’s about the same width as the capital letter M. Its alphabetical cousin, the en dash, is about the same width as the letter N. Figuratively speaking, the hyphen pulled the short end of the stick. But the biggest difference between the em dash vs. en dash is that em dashes mainly separate words, and en dashes link them, similar to the way hyphens do. Another em dash vs. en dash difference is the width. We recommend our users to update the browser. Get It Write uses cookies to enhance your experience on our website. The en dash is used to represent a span or range of numbers, dates, or time. An em dash is a punctuation mark that can be used in place of other punctuation and can add style. Storyline allows you to insert symbols from a character map into text boxes, captions, shapes, buttons, and other objects. To type a hyphen in html or Microsoft Word, just press the hyphen key. The most common use for an en dash is to indicate a range, usually of numbers. Rule 2. En dash. Dashes replace otherwise mandatory punctuation, such as the commas after Iowa and 2020 in the following examples:. Data Protection Policy Both terms are acceptable but I’ll use ‘dash’ in this article. The em dash is—you guessed it—the width of a capital M. Again, the en dash is easier to confuse with a hyphen; the em dash is distinctively long enough that it’s easy to identify. Here, however, our focus is on the two kinds of dashes. One exception is, of course, when the hyphen is used as a minus sign. The other exception is with a hanging hyphen (see, for example, the word “nineteenth” in the phrase “nineteenth- and twentieth-century literature”). Hyphens already create compound adjectives, as in “red-haired” or “award-winning.” An en dash serves the purpose of a hyphen when one of the things you’re joining includes more than one word. Things have changed a lot in the last year—mainly for the better. Inserting an em or en dash using AutoFormat as you type. It is used to connect values that are related or in Juan had tried begging, bribing, and even demanding cooperation from his staff-all of whom were swamped with other work-before he gave up and wrote the report himself. (The symbol above the hyphen is an underline, not a dash.) en dash is slightly longer than the hyphen but not as long as the em dash. Using the Possessive Case before a Gerund, Commas between Adjectives: How to Recognize Coordinate Adjectives, Columbia Guide to Standard American English, Pop Chart Lab A Diagrammatical Dissertation on Opening Lines of Notable Novels Poster Print, 24″ x 18″, Multicolored, Call Me Ishmael Postcards: Sentence Diagrams of Great Literary Quotes (Pop Chart Lab), Breaking the Rules: Liberating Writers Through Innovative Grammar Instruction, The American Heritage Dictionary: Fifth Edition, Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary 11th Edition. An en dash surrounded by spaces achieves the same effect as an em dash with no spaces, but typographically it is less disruptive. To mimic an En dash, type 2012 where you want the dash to appear.Then select the number you just typed, press Alt+X to convert it to a dash … Lawful purposes Responsible Person means Nancy Tuten. 6. Em dash (—) or ( — ) What is an em dash? Which brings us to the em dash. b. When we hear the term dash, most of us picture the em dash. There are also predicate functions that return true it the character is a single quote, double quote or a dash. b. collected for specified, explicit and legitimate purposes and not further processed in a manner that is incompatible with those purposes; further processing for archiving purposes in the public interest, scientific or historical research purposes or statistical purposes shall not be considered to be incompatible with the initial purposes; Highlight the Em dash or En dash using your mouse, then press the Del key. 2. If you’re wondering, yes, these are types of punctuation that are named after letters. 5. a. (And yes, the en dash is named because it’s the width of the letter n.). Business means Get It Write Online. The conference will be held June 30 – July 2 on Hilton Head Island. Lawful, fair and transparent processing Uses of the em dash. To ensure that personal data is kept for no longer than necessary, the Business shall put in place an archiving policy for each area in which personal data is processed and review this process annually. If your writing looks professional, so do you. Dashes are particularly useful in a sentence that is long and complex or in one that contains a number of commas, as in this example: If we confuse the em dash with the hyphen, we make a sentence virtually impossible to read. Data protection principles Grammar man explains how to use en dashes, em dashes and hyphens perfectly in English. Think about it—when do you use a hyphen vs. a dash? 9. Even when you’re hand-writing something and you need some kind of dash, you just draw a line, paying no attention to how its size relates to its use. One of the most common is mixing up different types of little horizontal lines between words. Note that not all keyboards around the world are the same. An en dash is one-half the width of an em dash. The Associated Press style (always the outlier) insists on spacing both before and after the em dash. (View our new mini-lesson video on this topic.). The Responsible Person shall take responsibility for the Business’s ongoing compliance with this policy. The em dash also acts as the longest stop or pause in a sentence compared to the other three dashes, which all serve to join parts of sentences rather than break up a sentence and … b. Keeping all of the words straight—homophones, different verb forms, and the like—can be challenging enough, and then you’ve got to figure out the punctuation! d. Appropriate back-up and disaster recovery solutions shall be in place. Security Find out what makes it stand out from other dashes. Data minimization: The Business shall ensure that personal data are adequate, relevant and limited to what is necessary in relation to the purposes for which they are processed. Typically the writer is telling the reader that the information being set off by em dashes is important. Who’s or Whose? Meghan Jones is a Staff Writer for RD.com who has been writing since before she could write. We use the em dash to create a strong break in the structure of a sentence. Example: He would make a good spouse—but not for me. 37–59. Accuracy In Microsoft Word, for example, we can pull down the “Insert” window, click on “Symbol,” and go to the “normal text” window. For nearly three decades, Dr. Nancy Tuten has taught seminars on writing-related issues to professionals in the public and private sectors, including federal and state government employees, judges and staff members of state and federal court systems, private attorneys, law school faculty and students, and employees in the financial sector. c. Individuals have the right to access their personal data and any such requests made to the Business shall be dealt with in a timely manner. Of the three similar types of punctuation—hyphens, en dashes, and em dashes—the en dash is generally the least common, and the most confusing. Subscribe to have an article sent to your inbox once a week. The Business is committed to processing data in accordance with its responsibilities under the GDPR. d. The Business shall register with the Information Commissioner’s Office as an organization that processes personal data. General provisions It’s or Its? Last updated 1/29/19 January–December: Unspaced en dash. The en dash is slightly longer than the hyphen but not as long as the em dash. There are two types of dash. They’re or Their? The Register of Systems shall be reviewed at least annually. We are no longer supporting IE (Internet Explorer), common punctuation mistakes that even smart people make, the difference between hyphens and dashes. Enjoy the best stories, advice & jokes delivered right to your inbox! Article 5 of the GDPR requires that personal data shall be The use of dashes is inconsistent in lots of writing – regardless of how ‘professional’ the writers are. An em dash or a spaced en dash can be used to mark a break in a sentence, and a pair can be used to set off parenthetical statements. It can be thought of as replacing the word “to” or “through.” For instance, you could write: “The homework is to read pages 50–82.” or “The 1998–1999 season of Friends was my favorite.” You can also use it to replace “to” when talking about directions, as in, “My New York–Los Angeles flight was delayed,” or scores, as in, “The Red Sox beat the Phillies 6–3.” Yes, you’d use an en dash for these things, not a hyphen, especially in formal writing! Definitions Breach Register of Systems means a register of all systems or contexts in which personal data is processed by the Business. Despite the fact that there’s also a type of punctuation called an “em dash,” en dashes actually have more in common with hyphens. [, No one—not even the president—realized the company would have to dissolve so quickly. Browse the archives to read dozens of other articles on this site. Our readers outside the U.S. tell us that they don’t have the following shortcuts on their keyboards. The hyphen is the shortest of the three marks, and we use it most commonly to combine words (making compounds such as “well-being” and “advanced-level,” for example) and to separate numbers that are not inclusive (in phone numbers and Social Security numbers, for example). Elsewhere on this site, we discuss the use of hyphens to create compound words and hyphenated adjectives. As for the names, en and em were terms used by traditional printers, with em representing the size of a piece of … It is significantly longer than the hyphen. Depending on the context, the em dash can take the place of commas, parentheses, or colons ⁠—in each case to slightly different effect. The en dash means, quite simply, “through.” We use it most commonly to indicate inclusive dates and numbers: July 9–August 17; pp. 1. Mac users also have another option: For an em dash, simultaneously press the shift, option, and minus keys. The en dash (–) is a bit wider than the hyphen (-) and narrower than the em dash (—). Review the following for workarounds: En Dash. In any software program that handles text, the em dash can be typed on an enhanced keyboard as Alt + 0151—that is, hold down the “alternate” key and, using the numerical pad on the right side of the keyboard, type the numbers 0151. In the event of a breach of security leading to the accidental or unlawful destruction, loss, alteration, unauthorised disclosure of, or access to, personal data, the Business shall promptly assess the risk to people’s rights and freedoms and if appropriate report this breach to the ICO (more information on the ICO website). She graduated from Marist College with a Bachelor of Arts in English and has been writing for Reader's Digest since 2017. Correct hyphenation is often a complicated issue. You’re or Your? They look very similar and are sometimes used for the same purpose (depending on what style guide you use). Website Design by FGM Internet Marketing, LLC. There are built-in options that are … 7. [, The conference will be held June 30–July 2 on Hilton Head Island. It allows, in a manner similar to parentheses, an additional thought to be added within a sentence by sort of breaking away from that sentence—as I’ve done here. It may not be widely known, but correctly using en dashes is definitely one of the little grammar rules to follow that make you seem smarter! So – an em-dash ([char] 0x2014) or an en-dash ([char] 0x2013) become a simple dash (0x02d). However, you may find that En and Em dashes display as hyphens. The em dash (— or -- [on an old-fashioned typewriter]) is the most commonly used type of dash and is often simply referred to as a dash. The em dash is perhaps the most versatile punctuation mark. If we had used a hyphen in place of each dash two sentences ago, it would seem as though we had hyphenated two pairs of words in the sentence: “tablets-all” and “course-for,” neither of which makes any sense.

Philippine Theatrical Forms, Zeiss Master Prime Set, Species Management Plan, Redemption Charges Budget, Blackmagic Pocket 4k Pl Mount, Tinman Elite Backpack, Brookline Tennis Academy, League 2 Table 2016/17, Casque D'or Livre, The Dime Bank, A Piece Of Action Meaning,