Opposing stakeholders can seek to defeat a project, for instance, by denying resources to assure reversibility and then launching a critique of irretrievable errors. My first step was to create a list of contacts and the roles that were assigned to them. Has agile become the “one size - fits all” approach to managing projects? 6. My staff and I moved these ourselves so that the physical transition from old rack to new rack could be complete within an hour. The assessment basis…is a key element of any safety case. However, they evoke different concepts to different readers and may not be synonymous, although these terms are all used to signify some type of iterative approach. As soon as the lunar module landed and returned safely to Earth, the Apollo Program was a success by definition. I'm guessing the only way to ensure that is to go to the cloud (even though we already have a cloud spooling service). But this approach can be dangerous. In Sweden the process included the rejection of two of the proposed sites by local communities in consultative referenda. The public fear of nuclear materials, including radioactive waste, has already been discussed. It means saying what you will do and doing what you say you will do. If the implementing institutions face a deficit of public trust and confidence, conflict is high (even over technical issues), regulatory constraints multiply, resources are difficult to sustain, and consensus becomes increasingly elusive. The reader should not infer from this report that Linear Staging, by default, lacks all attributes of Adaptive Staging. Criterion 1. This perception may be mitigated by using Adaptive Staging when compared to a management approach that sets up and advertises fixed milestones that will inevitably need to be revised with time. Policy and technical considerations must be clearly differentiated; for instance, a statement of intent and rationale behind each stage and Decision Point must be developed and tested for understandability and then broadly publicized to stakeholders. It is an ideal time to upgrade your switches. The path and end points are reevaluated only if compelling new evidence or other circumstances absolutely require it. All implementations take a phased approach at some point. Integrity. The Swedish implementer, Svensk Karnbranslehantering (SKB), acknowledged these results and abandoned further study of these sites. Accordingly, during the structured decision-making process between stages, the program implementer conducts a systematic reevaluation of the safety case in view of new information gained during the previous stage and modifies the program, if necessary. These issues are illustrated for the specific case of geologic repositories in Section 2.7. first-of-a-kind project cannot be rigidly planned in advance; however, Adaptive Staging provides repeated “assessment” periods, or Decision Points, that can help an implementer avoid expensive wrong decisions or unanticipated blind alleys. Staged Approaches to Project Development. You can usually bury a fair amount of cap-ex in a move. As the implementer advances in the process, details of the reference framework and cost estimates become better established. Linear Staging, on the other hand, makes most decisions in advance when their rationale and impact may be unclear to the public, stakeholders, and the implementer. Both moves were a success and met their deadlines. A successful geologic repository program requires commitment to systematic learning, flexibility, reversibility, transparency, auditability, integrity, and responsiveness. This is a great time to look over the workflow and make chages. All of our cabling was new and set up prior to the move, along with many of our switches. Adaptive Staging allows management to proceed in smaller steps and to react in almost “real-time” to the outcome of a specific action, whatever the outcome. Criterion 4. Plans are changed simply due to based upon feedback from monitoring process, some changes on project assumptions, risks, and changes in scope, budget, or schedule. Your core switch(es) may to be expensive to replace if they are fairly recent, but do so if you possibly can. ¤ Determine scope, approach, and backup/rollback strategy ¤ Evaluate impact of hardware/software change(s) ¤ Familiarize staff with application system/program(s) ¤ Establish key process areas (i.e., project, risk and change management) Define ¤ Identify business functions affected ¤ Generate Network Flow Diagrams (NFD) (indicates sequencing) Agile methodology is a team-based approach that emphasizes rapid deployment of a functional application with a focus on customer satisfaction. We have a commercial business unit and they have to be in contact with their customers (banks) at all times. Three astronauts died in a fire during tests on the ground. They should not expect everything to be flawless on the first day (week?) Responsiveness requires the implementer to seek, acknowledge, and act on new information and on input from other stakeholders in a timely fashion. Success was a singular event. The project of building a geologic repository for high-level waste is first-of-a-kind. Thus, at a Decision Point the program implementer initiates a process that: systematically gathers, synthesizes, evaluates, and applies the information acquired to date; develops options for the next stage, including explicit consideration of reverting to an earlier stage;7. evaluates and updates the assessment of the safety of the repository system, in light of the options; makes the findings publicly transparent and available; decides on the next stage based on all of the above; and. Got IT smarts? Repeat as needed until you have a sense that things are relatively back to normal. A structured decision process is an essential part of Adaptive Staging. This attribute requires the implementer to make project decisions openly with public participation (Criterion 10). Moreover, the nuclear industry was born with a tradition of secrecy that translated into distrust of nuclear technologies and their implementers. Have meetings with managers the morning of the first day, to summarize issues and ensure their staff cooperate. There should be a person heading up the move its their responsibility to see that lines for data and phone and hardware is all planned in. Limited resources, Criterion 8, can create financial uncertainties that require prudent financial management. It is exhausting! In this stipulated crisis situation, the risk of no action is deemed less desirable than the risk of a wrong action and a “command and control” approach, with all of its attendant risks of choosing an inappropriate strategy and of alienating the public, may be necessary. They do all the analysis for one story, then all the design for one story, then all the coding and testing for one story. The committee employs the term safety case in accordance with growing international practice to mean the integrated collection of arguments that support the safety of the repository system (see Sidebar 2.1). A deficit of trust and a limited assurance of institutional constancy make implementing any staging program arduous unless institutions and their leaders tackle the deficit. Is the consequence of any implementing action uncertain? However, in simplified form, if the answer is “no” for most of the questions, a Linear Approach may well be suited to achieving the proposed goals within the assigned schedule and budget. A key part of the safety culture in geologic repository programs is the “safety case,” used in this report as a management tool to guide the implementer’s actions during repository development and to communicate the understanding of safety to a broader audience. The “score” is seven criteria for using Adaptive Staging; three for not using Adaptive Staging; and two, TABLE 2.1 Two Case Studies of Linear Approaches in the U.S. Space Program. Uncertainty in any of these criteria makes Linear planning difficult and likely to fail. I've lived in apartments for the last few years and each time I avoided really "settling in" because I knew that eventually I would have to pack everything up and move. Are proposed implementing methods controversial? Criterion 11. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website. Final step was to list all the things needed to be done. Supporters could tolerate a few years of overruns; annual program costs peaked two years before the Moon landing, and their decline encouraged continued support (Konkel, 1990). Of course, there are significant differences between traditional project managers and ‘agilists’; each group has certain biases. legal, political, and financial reasons for resolving the challenge of high-level waste disposal with some urgency (see Chapter 5). You will want to meet with the construction general contractor to negotiate when you can get access to do cabling and telecom. If you need $ look at how much more money you will spend in rent at two locations in the slow move. Register for a free account to start saving and receiving special member only perks. Consequently, good cost estimates are also lacking. Earlier decisions are questioned, or program changes are proposed, only if information gathered suggests the need for amending the next stage and thus altering the reference framework. This caveat is especially applicable to Adaptive Staging. Worldwide experience to date has shown that past approaches to managing disposal programs have met with se-. Similar analyses stem from studies of policy implementation, such as Berman (1980) and Sabatier (1986). Have another in the afternoon. Both of these successful programs followed a staged site-selection process, used underground rock laboratories as places for learning, and emphasized continued direct contacts among personnel of the implementers, regulatory staff, and the public. The committee uses the term “Adaptive” and contrasts it with the term “Linear.” Adaptive Staging is not presented as a radical departure from existing methods for managing disposal programs. If you can get away with it, buy new racks, patch panels and switches. Complexity and size of your environment will determine the length of time it takes. Indeed, as is the case in the United States, the public and the decision-makers may become agitated by proposed changes that a repository program brings (e.g., the necessity for finding a site and planning for waste transportation to the site). The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, One Step at a Time: The Staged Development of Geologic Repositories for High-Level Radioactive Waste, 2. If you’re bringing employees back, then you should consider the best approach. Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email. In summary, Adaptive Staging is a cautious and deliberate decision-making and management process, fully consistent with good engineering practices. The goal of institutional constancy is to give confidence to stakeholders and the general public that organizations will keep to their word from one management generation to another. FIGURE 2.1a The Adaptive Staging process.
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