United Nations Convention on Law of Sea (UNCLOS) UPSC PDF United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNCLOS is the only international convention which stipulates a framework for state jurisdiction in maritime spaces. What is Freedom of Navigation? Know about US FONOP in ... About the UN Conference on Law of the Seas (UNCLOS) 1982. Freedom Of Navigation Operation (FONOP) In The Indian EEZ: India has protested the U.S. decision to conduct a patrol in the Indian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) in the western Indian Ocean, rejecting the U.S.'s claim that its domestic maritime law was in violation of international law. Features of UNCLOS: UNCLOS as the currently prevailing law of the sea is binding completely. The Republic of Cyprus (Cyprus) and Turkey have been engaged in a dispute over the extent of their exclusive economic zones (EEZ), ostensibly sparked by oil and gas exploration in the area. It provides a different legal status to different maritime zones. Law of the sea came into existence in 1982 under UNCLOS III ( United Nations convention under the law of the sea) in New York. Rather than having moving maritime boundaries, the baseline is fixed to begin at the low-water line along the coast. Daily Current Affairs for UPSC IAS | 28th October 2021 ... Bangladesh/India cements the boundary of the four maritime zones that the U.N. Convention on the Law of Sea (UNCLOS) entitles states to: the territorial sea, the exclusive economic zone (EEZ), the 'inner' continental shelf extending up to 200 nautical miles from the coasts UNCLOS defines zones of coastal jurisdiction, including inland waters, territorial sea, archipelagic water, contiguous zone, continental shelf, and EEZ. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), also known as the Law of the Sea Treaty, is an international treaty which was adopted and signed in 1982. The main objectives of UNCLOS are: Facilitation of international communication, CHINA'S NEW MARITIME REGULATION & ITS IMPACT Recently, China has notified new maritime rules, warranting vessels to report their information when passing through what China sees as its "Territorial Waters" that will take effect from 1st September 2021. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), also called the Law of the Sea Convention or the Law of the Sea Treaty, is an international agreement that establishes a legal framework for all marine and maritime activities. It provides the backbone for offshore governance by coastal states and those navigating the oceans. UNCLOS - III: Limits of Various Maritime Zones. It is an intermediary zone between the territorial sea and the high seas. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) UPSC Current Affairs: India respects UNCLOS rights. UNCLOS Formation & Initiatives. Credit: noaa.gov India played a constructive role in deliberations leading to UNCLOS's adoption in 1982 and has . As such, it usually bounds areas of exclusive national rights over mineral and biological resources, encompassing maritime features, limits and zones. It provides the backbone for offshore governance by coastal states and those navigating the oceans. "The exclusive economic zone is an area beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea, subject to the specific legal regime established in this Part, under which the rights and jurisdiction of the coastal State and the rights and freedoms of other States are governed by the relevant provisions of this Convention" (UNCLOS, 2001). China claims under a so-called "Nine Dash Line" on its maps most of the South China Sea's waters, which are disputed by several other . 10 Article 58. Exclusive Economic Zone and Other Maritime Zones Act, 1976, the EEZ of India "is an area beyond and adjacent to the territorial waters, and the limit of such zone is two hundred nautical miles from the baseline". The Law of the sea is only international maritime law. "UNCLOS" is an extensive codification of international law for the conservation and management of marine resources. It is also referred to as the Law of the Sea Convention or the Law of the Sea treaty and is effective from the year 1982. IAS aspirants should thoroughly understand their meaning and application, as questions can be asked from this static portion of the IAS Syllabus in both the UPSC Prelims and the UPSC Mains exams. Under the UNCLOS a sea baseline follows the low-water line of a coastal state (see Fig. UPSC Syllabus: GS Paper II - International Relations. Some Organizations connected to UNCLOS The IMO (International Maritime Organisation) plays a vital role in the operation of UNCLOS. As per India's Territorial Waters, Continental Shelf, Exclusive Economic Zone, and Other Maritime Zones Act, 1976, the EEZ of India "is an area beyond and adjacent to the territorial waters, and the limit of such zone is two hundred nautical miles from the baseline". It is aplicable to the sea beyond Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) (beyond two hudred nautical miles from India's coastline). 1. UNCLOS: The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea was adopted in 1982. Relevance IN - Prelims ( about FONOP and FON report + about UNCLOS and India's Maritime Zones Act of 1976) + Mains ( GS II bilateral relations) What's the NEWS India has protested the U.S. decision to conduct a patrol in the Indian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) in the western Indian Ocean, rejecting the U.S.'s claim that its domestic maritime . • UNCLOS is the only international convention which stipulates a framework for state jurisdiction in maritime spaces. Download PDF (Free). The latest UNCLOS is UNCLOS III which covers all the vital issues regardi. Coastal states have the right to harvest non-living material and minerals in the subsoil of its continental shelf. These are creating obstacles in the path of a "rule-based maritime order". It was . It also institutes mechanisms for achieving and maintaining peace and security of oceans and seas, for undertaking the conservation and management of The contiguous zone may not extend beyond 24 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured. Islands like the Lakshadweep and Andaman and Nicobar also follow the same principle . Read more about Important National And International Days And Dates For UPSC here. The new draft proposes maximum three years imprisonment or a monetary fine of minimum Tk 2 crore and maximum Tk 5 crore for maritime pollution which was About: UNCLOS, signed in 1982, is an international agreement that establishes a legal framework for all marine and maritime activities. UNCLOS in Action: Evidence on Maritime Security Challenges. UNCLOS It is an acronym for the United Nations Convention for the Law of the Sea. It provides a different legal status to different maritime zones. The International Seabed Authority. The exclusive economic zone shall not extend beyond 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured. the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf. India respects UNCLOS rights. Its core technology is protected by patents in the U.S. & Europe. It contains rules pertaining to activities such as the exclusive economic zone, traditional marine resource use, the protection of the . It is an international agreement that resulted from the third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III). 1. Maritime zones are drawn using what the LOSC calls "baselines.". Which of the following is correct about maritime zones according to UNCLOS convention (1982) ? July 4, 2021 by admin. As of June 2016, 167 countries and the European Union are parties.. India understands that the UNCLOS provisions do not explicitly authorize other States to carry out in the EEZ and on the continental shelf military exercises or manoeuvres. o It was adopted in 1982 and replaced the quad-treaty 1958 Convention on the High Seas and came into force in 1994. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), also called the Law of the Sea Convention or the Law of the Sea Treaty, is an international agreement that establishes a legal framework for all marine and maritime activities. About International Maritime Boundary Line (IMBL) A maritime boundary is a conceptual division of the Earth's water surface areas using physiographic or geopolitical criteria.
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