"The energy of the blast is estimated to have been equivalent to the explosive force of as much as 15 megatons of TNT. After that, NASA estimates a … It has been speculated that the second stage used this method as well. The Tsar Bomba mushroom cloud was approximately 40 miles high, seven times higher than Mount Everest. ›› Quick conversion chart of megatons to tons. One test witness felt the thermal effects at a distance of 170 miles, even with dark goggles. With ANFO or ammonium nitrate, they would require 1.0/0.74 (or 1.35) kg or 1.0/0.32 (or 3.125) kg, respectively. On October 30, 1961, Tsar Bomba was detonated in the atmosphere at 11:32 Moscow Time over the Mityushikha Bay Nuclear Testing Range in the northern Arctic Circle. They concluded that nothing actually hit the ground at all. The time for the asteroid to impact the earth is (10,000 m)/(1 x 10 4 m/sec) = 1 sec. The atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima was 0.2 megatons… Therefore, to minimize nuclear fallout, the third stage incorporated a lead tamper instead of a uranium-238 fusion tamper. 2 x 10 23 watts, or 200 billion trillion watts!!! The energy of the blast is estimated to have been equivalent to the explosive force of as much as 15 megatons of TNT. To see the destructive effects of nuclear weapons on various cities across the globe, please visit Alex Wellerstein's NUKEMAP. We calculated trajectory characteristics of space from 50 to 200 meters in diameter, and our modeling shows that it could not consist of rock or ice because, in contrast with iron, such bodies fall apart quickly because of colossal aerodynamic pressure in the atmosphere.”. The energy of the blast is estimated to have been equivalent to the explosive force of as much as 15 megatons of TNT. ", "Beirut Explosion: What Happened in Lebanon and Everything Else You Need to Know", "Preliminary yield estimation of the 2020 Beirut explosion using video footage from social media", "Frequently Asked Questions – Electricity", "Country Comparison :: Electricity – consumption", "NOAA FAQ: How much energy does a hurricane release? TNT equivalent is a convention for expressing energy, typically used to describe the energy released in an explosion. The bomb bay doors and fuselage fuel tanks were removed from the Tu-95V due to its large size. A reflective white paint was used on the planes to minimize thermal damage to their surfaces. The Central Intelligence Agency designated the Tsar Bomba nuclear test as “JOE 111.”. The fireball nearly reached the altitude of the release aircraft. The uranium-238 fusion tamper greatly amplifies the reaction by fissioning uranium atoms with fast neutrons from the fusion reaction. A Tu-95V Soviet long range bomber piloted by Major Andrei Durnovstev delivered Tsar Bomba during the test. For example, if a timber-cutting formula calls for a charge of 1 kg of TNT, then based on octanitrocubane's RE factor of 2.38, it would take only 1.0/2.38 (or 0.42) kg of it to do the same job. Copyright © 2019 by the Atomic Heritage Foundation. The force of impact would likely be equal to 2,700 megatons of TNT or 2,700,000,000 tonnes of TNT. If such a weapon exploded in a large American city such as New York, Chicago, San Francisco, or Washington, D.C., their metropolitan areas plus large portions of their surrounding suburbs would be completely destroyed and nearly devoid of all life. TNT equivalent is a convention for expressing energy, typically used to describe the energy released in an explosion. [3][4][5][6], Where for example the comparison is by energy yield, an explosive's energy is normally expressed for chemical purposes as the thermodynamic work produced by its detonation. The ton of TNT is a unit of energy defined by that convention to be 4.184 gigajoules,[1] which is the approximate energy released in the detonation of a metric ton (1,000 kilograms) of TNT. Tsar Bomba weighed 27 metric tons or 59,525 lbs. Using PETN, engineers would need 1.0/1.66 (or 0.60) kg to obtain the same effects as 1 kg of TNT. The energy produced from this explosion is then directed to compress the much larger thermonuclear third stage. Because of the harsh conditions of the Siberian outback, the first scientific expedition to the impact area would have to wait 19 years. One cites Nikola Tesla’s experiments with wireless transmission that may have inadvertently caused the explosion. 2 megatons to tons = 2000000 tons. Because fast fissioning was eliminated, thermonuclear fusion accounted for as much as 97% of the yield. Switch units Starting unit. The Tsar Bomba yield was approximately 1,570 times more powerful than the yield of the bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki combined, and 10 times more powerful than all of the conventional weapons exploded during World War II. Given a pair of explosives, one can produce 2× the shockwave output (this depends on the distance of measuring instruments) but the difference in direct metal cutting ability may be 4× higher for one type of metal and 7× higher for another type of metal. Small TNT explosions, especially in the open, don't tend to burn the carbon-particle and hydrocarbon products of the explosion. In other words, for each gram of TNT exploded, 4184 joules (or one large Calorie = 1,000 calories) of energy is released. Despite the addition of reflective paint and the parachute, a 50/50 chance of survival was predicted for those on board. For the similarly named weight measurements, see, The explosion from a 14 kiloton nuclear test at the. To put it into perspective, … Tsar Bomba could have theoretically yielded as much as 100 megatons, but it would have resulted in a dangerous level of nuclear fallout (approximately 25% of all fallout produced since the invention of nuclear weapons in 1945). *: TBX (thermobaric explosives) or EBX (enhanced blast explosives), in a small, confined space, may have over twice the power of destruction. “They include the fall of a small asteroid measuring several dozen meters, consisting of typical asteroid materials, either metal or stone, as well as ice. Tsar Bomba was attached to a parachute weighing nearly 1,800 lbs., which provided the bomber and observer planes additional time to fly approximately 30 miles away from ground zero prior to detonation. Sorin Bastea, Laurence E. Fried, Kurt R. Glaesemann, W. Michael Howard, P. Clark Souers, Peter A. Vitello, Cheetah 5.0 User's Manual, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 2007. Note that rounding errors may occur, so always check the results. It depends on the specific case or use. Ethen Kim Lieser is a Tech Editor who has held posts at Google, The Korea Herald, Lincoln Journal Star, AsianWeek and Arirang TV. To put it into perspective, that’s about a thousand times more powerful than the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima during World War II. The table below should be taken as an example and not as a precise source of data. The energy liberated by one gram of TNT was arbitrarily defined as a matter of convention to be 4184 J,[10] which is exactly one kilocalorie. 1 joule is equal to 2.3900573613767E-16 megatons, or 2.3900573613767E-10 tons. In a brand-new Russian study, researchers have suggested a strange alternative to what exactly transpired in the Tunguska event. It was 26 feet in length and 6.9 feet in diameter. Calculating a single RE factor for an explosive is, however, impossible. The RE factor is the relative mass of TNT to which an explosive is equivalent: The greater the RE, the more powerful the explosive. [2], Alternative values for TNT equivalency can be calculated according to which property is being compared and when in the two detonation processes the values are measured. 6) The largest eruption ever properly recorded with an explosion, equivalent to 800 megatons of TNT. "Kiloton" redirects here. [9], So, one can state that a nuclear bomb has a yield of 15 kt (6.3×1013 J); but an actual explosion of a 15000 ton pile of TNT may yield (for example) 8×1013 J due to additional carbon/hydrocarbon oxidation not present with small open-air charges.[8]. Instead, a gigantic iron asteroid flew through the Earth’s atmosphere before heading back out into space. 5 x 10 7 megatons. The bomber was accompanied by a Tu-16 observer plane that was responsible for collecting air samples and filming the test. A three-stage hydrogen bomb uses a fission-type atomic bomb as the first stage to compress the thermonuclear second stage. The bomb was set by barometric sensors to detonate at 13,000 feet and was dropped from a height of 34,000 feet. All rights reserved. Windows even shattered as far away as Norway and Finland due to atmospheric focusing of the shock wave. Tsar Bomba (in Russian, Царь-бомба) is the Western nickname for the Soviet RDS-220 (РДС-220) hydrogen bomb (code name Vanya). A kiloton of TNT can be visualized as a cube of TNT 8.46 metres (27.8 ft) on a side. Limitations of the TNT equivalent method), "Appendix B8 – Factors for Units Listed Alphabetically", "Arc blast Tri-Nitro-Toluene TNT Trotyl equivalent – ARCAD INC", "Local media: Blast at Cairo cathedral kills at least 25", "Beirut Blast: How does yield of 2,750 tonnes of ammonium nitrate compare against Halifax explosion, Hiroshima bombing? Total solar output in all directions per day. 70 Megajoules to Tons Of Tnt = 0.0167: 2 Megajoules to Tons Of Tnt = 0.0005: 80 Megajoules to Tons Of Tnt = 0.0191: 3 Megajoules to Tons Of Tnt = 0.0007: 90 Megajoules to Tons Of Tnt = 0.0215: 4 Megajoules to Tons Of Tnt = 0.001: 100 Megajoules to Tons Of Tnt = 0.0239: 5 Megajoules to Tons Of Tnt = 0.0012: 200 Megajoules to Tons Of Tnt = 0.0478 The cloud reached higher than the stratosphere at its highest altitude. The shock wave was felt as far away as the Dikson settlement located 430 miles away, and windows shattered at a distance of 560 miles. In the early morning hours of June 30, 1908, something caused a colossal explosion and a shining ball of light in the sky above Siberia, destroying 80 million trees over an area of 800 square miles. This enables engineers to determine the proper masses of different explosives when applying blasting formulas developed specifically for TNT. The Tsar Bomba was a three-stage hydrogen bomb with a Trutnev-Babaev second and third stage design. Conversion base : 1 Mt = 4184000000000000 J. 2.3900573613767E-16 Mt Conversion base : 1 J = 2.3900573613767E-16 Mt. When the team finally made its way there, mysteriously, no impact crater was ever discovered. [8], Such differences can be substantial. Use this page to learn how to convert between megatons and tons. Tsar Bomba was also referred to as “Kuzkina mat” (Кузькина мать) or “Kuzma's mother.” This nickname may refer to Nikita Khrushchev's promise made at a 1960 session of the United Nations General Assembly to show the United States a “Kuzkina mat,” which also roughly translates to “We'll show you!” There were many other nicknames associated with Tsar Bomba such as Big Ivan, Project 7000, and Product Code 202 (Izdeliye 202). The approximate radiant heat energy released during 3-phase, 600 V, 100 kA, Conventional bombs yield from less than one ton to, A real 0.5-kilotonne-of-TNT (2.1 TJ) charge at, Amount of solar energy falling on 4,000 m. The energy contained in one megaton of TNT (4.2 PJ) is enough to power the average American household for 103,000 years. A large open explosion of TNT may maintain fireball temperatures high enough so that some of those products do burn up with atmospheric oxygen. [7], But, even on this basis, comparing the actual energy yields of a large nuclear device and an explosion of TNT can be slightly inaccurate. The top of the cloud had a width of 59 miles and the base a width of 25 miles. All of the wooden and brick buildings in nearby Severny, located 34 miles from the aiming point or ground zero, were annihilated. “At present, there are over 100 hypotheses about the nature of the Tunguska phenomenon,” he told The Siberian Times.
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