Johnson selected Brant and several other Mohawks to attend Moor’s Charity School for Indians, a school which would later develop into Dartmouth College. On 9 September 1753 in Fort Hunter (Church of England), his mother married again, to a widower named Brant Canagaraduncka, who was a Mohawk sachem. His conflicts with British administrators in Canada regarding tribal land claims were exacerbated by his relations with the American leaders. In 1781, the British sent Brant west to the Ohio Country. google_ad_height = 90; In November, Brant left New York City and traveled northwest through colonist-held territory. In the fall of 1784, at a meeting at Buffalo Creek, the clan matrons decided that the Six Nations should divide, with half going to the Haldimand grant and the other half staying in New York. With the prospects of war to appease Brant, Russell confirmed Brant's land sales. Brant resumed small-scale attacks on the Mohawk Valley. google_ad_slot = "1530639659"; google_ad_client = "pub-4398868599654009"; Herkimer requested that the Iroquois remain neutral while Brant said the Indians owed their loyalty to the King. Stories of his massacres and atrocities added to an American hatred of Indians that soured relations for 50 years. He started living with Catherine Adonwentishon Croghan, whom he married in the winter of 1780. Brant built his own house at Brant's Town which was described as "a handsome two story house, built after the manner of the white people. He also wrote that Brant "only seeks a feasible excuse for joining the French, should they invade this province." Brant's raid failed to disrupt the Continental Army expedition, however. They considered Brant a minor war chief and the Mohawks a relatively weak people. They went to Canada, arriving in Montreal on July 17. One of the most controversial figures of the American Revolution, Joseph Brant (Mohawk name Thayendanegea), was born along the Cuyahoga River in 1742. Brant's stepfather was a friend of William Johnson, the influential and wealthy British Superintendent for Northern Indian Affairs, who had been knighted for his service. His last words, spoken to his adopted nephew John Norton, reflect his lifelong commitment to his people: "Have pity on the poor Indians. This group became known as Brant's Volunteers. In his early life, the young Mohawk became a favorite of the British. Throughout his travels, Brant learned to speak at least three languages of the different Iroquois tribes and likely spoke all six tribal languages. Although the details of his service that summer and fall were not officially recorded, Brant was said to have distinguished himself for bravery. These early missionary years established Brant as a trusted and respected leader of both natives and settlers. In the summer of 1783, Brant initiated the formation of the Western Confederacy. Brant returned to America in July of 1776 and participated in the British campaign to retake New York. In late 1800 and early 1801 Brant wrote to Governor George Clinton to secure a large tract of land near Sandusky, Ohio which could serve as a refuge. This wealth caused jealousy among rival chiefs and even his unpaid volunteers. The Treaty of Paris formally ends the American Revolutionary War. No enemy warriors were seen. Some of the Oneida surrendered, but most took refuge at Fort Stanwix.
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