The Pumapunku complex is an alignment of plazas and ramps centered on the Pumapunku platform mound. They claim that it can’t be explained by what we know about the technical accomplishments of early Andean civilisations, that it is unimaginably old, that it was built as a port… the list of claims is almost endless. [30] According to Protzen and Nair the fact that many of these "model stones" were executed in multiple exemplars bespeaks mass production. Pumapunku's core consists of clay, while the fill under parts of its edge consists of river sand and cobbles instead of clay. This terrace is paved with multiple enormous stone blocks. Iwawi was the port by which stones were brought to Tiwanaku for the construction of its monuments. So, when my partner began reading out the name of a page that a mutual friend had ‘Liked’ on Facebook, I had an awful feeling of déjà vu: Spirit Science. According to the local myths, Puma Punku is related to the gods and the time of the first creation. Intro, Puma Punku, The Pyramids, Baalbek, Incan sites, Easter Island. Card notes that Pumapunku is a fixture of books and television programs on alternative archeology and especially ancient aliens. The second largest stone block found within the complex is 7.90 metres (25.9 feet) long, 2.50 metres (8 feet 2 inches) wide, and averages 1.86 metres (6 feet 1 inch) thick. Hancock dismisses orthodox archaeological opinion, stating that “not a single orthodox historian or archaeologist was prepared to accept such an early origin for Tiahuanaco preferring… to agree on the safe estimate of AD 500”. Their legends explain that Viracocha created humans from the earth on a great rock. Firstly the construction site lies about 4000 meters above sea level, where there are no vegetation or plantation, which could be used as rollers to quarry those enormous blocks of stones used for its construction. [23] According to Alan Kolata the terraced platform mound depicted on the gateway of the sun is actually a stylized depiction of Pumapunku. [25], There also exist miniature gateways at Pumapunku which are perfect replicas of once standing monumental full-sized gateways. Ceramic artifacts depict imagery of warriors, masked with puma skulls, decapitating their enemies and holding trophy skulls, and adorned with belts of human heads with their tongues torn out. Additionally to these miniature gateways, likely, at least five gateways (and several blind miniature gateways) were once (or were intended to be) integrated into the Pumapunku monumental complex. Checking the tables available to him, he discovered that the last time the axial tilt corresponded to this angle was around 15,000 BCE. All Rights Reserved. [28] There also exist replicas of larger monumental structures. Smaller andesite blocks for stone facing and carvings came from quarries within the Copacabana Peninsula about 90 kilometres (56 miles) away from and across Lake Titicaca from the Pumapunku and the rest of the Tiwanaku Site. Their creator god is believed to be depicted in the famous Sun Gate , which many scholars think was once located at Puma Punku and only later moved to Kalassaya. Pumapunku or Puma Punku (Aymara and Quechua puma "cougar, puma," punku "door" or "gate"; Hispanicized Puma Puncu) is part of a large temple complex or monument group that is part of the Tiwanaku Site near Tiwanaku, in western Bolivia.It is believed to date to AD 536. [4] The precision with which these angles create flush joints is indicative of a sophisticated knowledge of stone-cutting and a thorough understanding of descriptive geometry. Above, measurement of Puma Punku (Tiwanaku) by Alexei Vranich in Journal of Field Archaeology Above, On this drawing of the Puma Punka I have superimposed the dimensions given of 167.36 metres wide along its north-south axis together with the 116.7 metres on the north and south sides shown in solid outline. These sculptures show fearsome traits of predatory animals, they crouch or kneel while clutching a human head in one hand and an axe in the other. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. For example, the archaeological site Puma Punku in Bolivia, an ancient temple where many of the Inca believed the world was created, is a source for many different theories. The “high-powered team” of scientists that Hancock claims Posnansky co-opted to check his calculations (Hans Ludendorff (1873-1941), director of the Astronomical Observatory of Potsdam), Friedrich Becker (1900-1981) of the Vatican Observatory, Arnold Kohlschutter (1883-1969) of the University of Bonn and Rolf Müller (1898-1981) of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in München) may indeed have verified the alignments. Its weight is estimated to be 85.21 tonnes. Puma punku is the most attractive ancient site on the planet. Visual History – Online-Nachschlagewerk für die historische Bildforschung: "Palaces and Politics in the Andean Middle Horizon", "The secrets of Tiwanaku, revealed by a drone", Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, "Drugs Found in Hair of Ancient Andean Mummies", Interactive Archaeological Investigation at Pumapunku Temple, "Skeptoid #202: The Non-Mystery of Puma Punku", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pumapunku&oldid=1024027698, Buildings and structures in La Paz Department (Bolivia), Tourist attractions in La Paz Department (Bolivia), 11th-century disestablishments in Bolivia, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from December 2016, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, an alignment of plazas and ramps centered on a man-made terraced platform mound with a sunken court and monumental complex on top, sifted and layered soils (mound), andesite (superstructure), sandstone (foundation and internal channels), ternary Cu–As–Ni bronze alloy (cramps), mortar of lime and sand with ground-up malachite (turquoise green plaster floor), clay (red floor), This page was last edited on 19 May 2021, at 17:56. Such precise workmanship on a massive scale would have been nearly impossible without modern tools and machines, yet the ruins are more than 1,000 years old. This temple complex located near Tiwanaku, Bolivia is one of the most incredible ancient ruins you will find in South America. It gets plenty of comments on this site, but one of my favourites is that it is “certainly a headache for any mainstream archeologist”, or th eone that calls me a “disinformation agent”. Posnansky’s calculations, on the other hand, depend on establishing alignments between elements of a structure that was ruinous even before he started to survey it. This area might be the center of the Andean world, attracting pilgrims from far away to marvel in its beauty. Chachapumas usually were placed on andesite pedestals on either side of the entrance. Current understanding of this complex is limited due to its age, the lack of a written record, and the current deteriorated state of the structures due to treasure hunting, looting, stone mining for building stone and railroad ballast, and natural weathering.[2][3][5]. […] The sharp and precise 90° interior angles observed on various decorative motifs most likely were not made with hammerstones. The wonderful stonework of Puma Punku in Bolivia couldn’t have been achieved by primitive indigenous populations. Part of a large ancient city known as Tiwanaku in Bolivia, this archeological site displays one of the greatest examples of advanced stone-cutting techniques. [10], Noted by Andean specialist, W. H. Isbell, professor at Binghamton University,[2] a radiocarbon date was obtained by Vranich[3] from organic material from the deepest and oldest layer of mound-fill forming the Pumapunku. [34][35], Apparently, this culture dissolved abruptly some time around AD 1000, and researchers can only guess the reasons.
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