In used oil it may indicate the remaining useful life. When heated, some materials can form vapors that react with atmospheric oxygen to spontaneously combust or autoignite - no ignition source is needed. The initial viscosity is determined. This is termed as the 'Last Non-Siezure Load' Greater loads which are termed 'Seizure load' typically produce much larger scars with scoring due to heavy metal to metal contact. This method uses a specifically designed hub-spindle-bearing assembly. The sample is placed in a pre-weighed wire mesh cone. This test measures the ability of oil to protect ferrous components in the presence of either distilled or brine water. Reported is the hydroxyl number in mg KOH per gram of sample. Related tests: Petro-Lubricant Testing Laboratories offers three types of tests to determine density, relative density and API Gravity: Consider a hydrometer test (see ASTM D1298) for oils when three decimal place accuracy is sufficient, and there is no shortage of available sample. Results are reported as per ASTM D892. This test will analyze conventional greases consisting of petroleum oils and soaps for unsaponifiable matter, water, free alkalinity, free fatty acid, fat, glycerin, and insolubles. Two days later the call was from a different Petro group called the Loyalty Work Group II who brought the price even lower. Elevated pressure (500psi), oxygen atmosphere. This test determines the amount of oil that separates from a grease under a high centrifugal force. The strip is removed, dipped in fresh solvent and examined for defects including blistering, cracking and loss of adhesion. It may also give an indication of wax purity. When selecting between ASTM E1868 or ASTM E1131 (TGA methods), consider the specification requirement - either method allows you to select the temperature and time of the test. Many substances take on a solid-like amorphous state when observed at low temperatures. If corrosive sulfur compounds are present in the oil, they may react with system components and compromise performance. The quantity of water in service oil may be an indication of its remaining useful life. Thank you so much for taking the time to understand the situation and making me feel appreciated as a new customer! The pressure and temperature are maintained until an exothermic reaction occurs, up to 120 minutes. Using a computer-enhanced data collection system, the progression of the test is followed and a time versus coefficient of friction graph is generated. Lubricants intended for use with moving steel parts normally contain compounds to inhibit damage to rubbing metal, giving the lubricant its wear preventative characteristics. The sample is heated and copper powder is added incrementally until no active sulfur remains, as demonstrated by no staining on a copper strip immersed in the fluid. The sample is then placed in the test beaker, brought to the test temperature and irradiated in a sonic oscillator for the test time. The amount of static foam and kinetic foam that forms, total and percent volume increase and the foam collapse time are reported. The test cycle is closed 20 hours on and 4 hours off for the test temperature above 300°F and 22 1/2 hours on and 2 1/2 hours off for the test 300°F and below. The average is calculated and reported in ohm-cm. Determination of the composition of binary oil mixtures - if the density of each oil is known, the mixture ratio can often be determined using density. It may be used both as a quality control tool for new solvents and to determine the condition of solvents in-service. This test uses distillation to determine the boiling range profile of mixtures. This test uses a tapered roller bearing, Timken #LM-11949/11910, with the loading and measuring systems of the ASTM D2266 Four Ball Wear tester. Sediments in lubricating fluids may damage system components in aviation systems, hydraulic systems and other mechanical systems, potentially leading to unexpected system failures. (Please note: Petro-Lubricant Testing Laboratories does not offer these microorganism tests). These systems pressurize grease, deliver it to the needed sites and then vent the system to relieve pressure. The total sulfur concentration of the sample is determined by x-ray analyses. If no etching or pitting is observed, a “pass” is reported. The Last Non-Siezure Load is sometimes of interest for comparative purposes as well as an indicator of the upper limits of transition from elastohydrodynamic to boundary modes of lubrication in terms of the test conditions. The number of passes is reported. Reported is the mg of particulate matter per liter of oil. The separated oil is drained, measured and the percent separation is reported. It includes placing a weight on the grease to mimic pressure exerted on grease in a storage drum. The sample is placed in a centrifuge tube, diluted with toluene, and spun until a constant volume of water + sediment is obtained. This test determines the acid number or base number of sample oil. When a substance melts, freezes or undergoes a glass transition, thermal properties such as heat of expansion, specific heat and thermal conductivity change. Acid number is a measure of the quantity of acidic components, base number is measure of the quantity of basic components. It is biodegradable, has excellent low temperature viscosity properties, does not react with rubber seals and has a large dielectric constant. When grease is stroked (subjected to shearing action) it is considered "worked”. A fail is reported if the test surface contains one or more dots of rust larger tahn 1mm in diameter or if it contains four or more dots of any size. Aluminum is lightweight, strong, durable and corrosion resistant, making it attractive for use in construction, transportation and many other applications. Reported is the conductivity value in picosiemens per meter. ASTM D2155 Autoignition Temperature of Liquid Chemicals. One common thickener is metallic soap (including sodium, calcium and lithium soaps), which tend to be relatively inexpensive, and may be formulated to give water resistance, thermal stability, shear stability or other attributes. The bleeding of oil from grease under static conditions and elevated temperatures is measured. The method utilizes evaporation loss data obtained from ASTM D972 and calculations based upon a standard pure substance (m-terphenyl) to obtain apparent molecular weight and vapor pressure. The pipe is maintained at the test temperature (66°C) for the test time (12 to 17 hours), allowed to cool to room temperature and reweighed. For some countries, the refinery list is further categorized state-by-state Sequence I, II and III are performed at 24°C (75°F), 93.5°C (200°F) and 24°C (75°F) respectively. This is termed as the 'Last Non-Seizure Load' Greater loads which are termed 'Seizure load' typically produce much larger scars with scoring due to heavy metal to metal contact. This test method determines the specific gravity (relative density) and density of semi-solid bituminous materials. The sample is weighed and placed in the thermogravimetric analyzer (microbalance in a heat-controlled oven with a constant gas purge). This method determines the amount of nonvolatile residue in volatile solvents. The sample is placed in a DSC, and the temperature is slowly increased until the range of interest is covered. A pass/fail rating is reported. Please refer to ASTM D4950 for a full specification. The mass % Sulfur must be determined in order to calculate values for RT and RN.The n-DM and Sulfur content are determined by the following: Applicability of the method is limited to the following:In terms of carbon distribution - up to 75% carbon atoms in ring form; % aromatic less than or equal to 1.5 times the % naphthenic rings.In terms of ring content - up to four rings per molecule with not more than half of them aromatic. The oil is filtered through a membrane filter which is then solvent rinsed, dried and reweighed. @ elevated temperatures up to 160°C, Roll Stability 96 hrs. Using a Block-on-Ring Friction and Wear Test Machine, a steel block is coated with worked test grease and put in contact with a steel ring. This test determines if a grease will suffer unacceptable emulsification, separation or degradation due to exposure in boiling water. The torque is measured for 60 seconds of running time. The sample is prepared, and analyzed by FTIR. The test oil is combined with water and a copper coil in the test cell. The apparatus is filled with grease and brought to the required test temperature. A steel dish is filled with a thin layer of test grease. Other particles, called deleterious particles, may also be present in new or used greases. Reported is the requested density in g/ml, relative density as a unitless number or API gravity in ºAPI. Wax based lubricants can be shaped into sticks making them desirable for lubricating small parts such as bolts, brushes and chains. This method determines the density and/or specific gravity of lubricating oils. The sample is prepared and analyzed by x-ray fluorescence. In this test, three steel balls are arranged in a circle, locked in place and coated with the test lubricant. The amount of gas produced is an indication of the long term stability of the thread compound. The mass percentage lost is reported. It is intended for aircraft turbine engine lubricants and related fluids. Hi- We are very sorry to hear about your recent experience and would like to thank you for bringing this matter to our attention. For both oils and grease, we also check for rancid, alcohol, perfume or other objectionable odors. Note: This test is intended for oils. As a special service to our clients, Petro-Lubricant Testing Laboratories also describes the pressure drop as "inductive", meaning that the pressure dropped rapidly, or "non-inductive" meaning that the pressure dropped gradually (i.e. Oil that separates from grease during the test is caught in a drip pan and weighed at the conclusion of the test. Using a computer-enhanced data collection system, the progression of the test is followed and a time versus coefficient of friction graph is generated. @ elevated temperatures up to 160°C, Foaming Tendencies of Engine Coolants in Glassware, Sled Test (Static & Kinetic Coef Friction of Plastic Film), Elements in Water by Inductively-Coupled Argon Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy, pH of Water Extracted from Halogenated Organic Solvents. These fluids may be of petroleum origin, or non-flammable synthetics (askarels). Sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide are added, the mixture is refluxed, acetic acid is added and the mixture is titrated with silver nitrate. This is a list of oil refineries.The Oil & Gas Journal also publishes a worldwide list of refineries annually in a country-by-country tabulation that includes for each refinery: location, crude oil daily processing capacity, and the size of each process unit in the refinery. Briefly, the oil sample is placed in the test cell with the polished metal samples and heated in an oil bath or aluminum block for a specified time and temperature with dried or moist air (usually dried) bubbled through at a given flow rate. Some localities regulate allowable vapor pressures of petroleum-based products to limit air pollution. This test determines evaporative loss of lubricants at elevated temperatures. Effectively lubricating these machines may be difficult due to changes in grease or oil viscosity with temperature. This test can distinguish between greases that will either promote or prevent oil separation according to the demands of the application. It is not intended for use with greases softer than NLGI #1. This test determines the flammability of liquid mixtures. I gave them the benefit of the doubt and followed through with the second safety check. Lubricating oils may contain a variety of additives to protect system components and extend lubricant life. High Temp. If the pH of these solutions is not correct, metals in the system may corrode, the solutions may oxidize or degrade and biological growth may be accelerated. In the classic method, the data is graphed, the inflection points determined and a blank corrected applied. A forth ball is placed on top, in the center of the three balls. The Gardner Color Scale also differentiates between shades of yellow, but it measures a wider range of colors to include red-yellows and green yellows. 4134,4275,4276,4277,4278,4501,4502,4576,4580,4582,4734, Acid Neutralization per MIL-PRF-21208 ¶ 4.3.3.9.3, Static Sheen 40 CFR 435 Appendix 1 Sub Part A, Evaporation, 4 hrs. It is compared to a set of standard solutions, and the color that most closely matches the sample is reported. The bio-kinetic model test offered by Petro-Lubricant Testing Laboratories does not involve microorganisms. The total number of scratches on both sheets of plastic is reported. This method uses a gear wear testing apparatus to determine the relative lubricity of greases. This is a proprietary method developed by Petro-Lubricant Test Labs. The final penetration value is reported. Torque, the force required for rotational motion, usually increases as temperature decreases. It may catalyze oxidation, lessen anti-corrosion properties, cause precipitation of additives and change viscosities, dielectric constants, and resistivity values. To keep systems running optimally, fluids should have low particulate levels. An oil with a low specific heat capacity will heat up very quickly and absorb little thermal energy. The sample is placed in a high-temperature distillation apparatus and heated. Deleterious particles may arise from contaminated raw materials, poor storage leading to dimerization and agglomeration of additives, and processing errors in filtration, mixing, milling and temperature control. Oxidation Stability of Mineral Insulating Oils @ 164 hrs. Carbon distribution and ring content data are used in characterization of oils in the refining-manufacturing process and can also correlate to critical performance properties. The time it takes for the acid number to reach 2 mg KOH/g oil is reported. Examples of the usefulness of this test include the evaluation of oils used in steam turbines, and lubricating oils used in desalination plants. This test is intended as a quality control tool to insure that the level of antioxidants in a grease is adequate from one batch to the next. Please refer to ASTM D4950 for a full specification. Coolants absorb and dissipate this heat to lessen the risk of thermal damage to system components. Distilled water, or any concentration of salt water may be used. The ring is slowly raised until it passes between the water and oil layers. Thermal Stability & Corrosivity. Please specify the temperatures of interest when requesting this test. The assembly is cold soaked for 5 hours at -40°C. The color of the standard that most closely matches the sample is reported. Other temperatures may be determined by extrapolation. This profile has not been claimed by the company. The vapor temperature is recorded as a function of distillate produced. The flash point is reported in °C. #loss-on-drying #astm #E1868 #TGA #Thermogravimetric #Evaporative. Hoists and winches use chains and wires to raise and lower heavy objects. To assess the flammability after solvent evaporation, the sample is placed in a petri dish in a drying oven for the time and temperature ( specified in the method, pipe cleaners are soaked in the remaining sample and then repeatedly drawn over a flame at regular intervals until a self-sustained burn appears. "Moly" finds applications in aerospace, motor vehicles and many other areas. Oil, gas and other liquids are transported long distances above ground, underground, and under or across waterways using pipelines with segments connected by threaded joints. This method is considered obsolete by ASTM. If the sample is being tested for a military specification, we check for attributes listed in the specification and report our observations along with a “pass” or a “fail” rating. (Translucent and other semi-opaque particles cannot be distinguished from the structure of the grease.). My local Petro rep contacted me and apologized for the issues I've been having with the customer team in the NJ office. Using this data an NAS class number is assigned. Solvent-borne coatings are mixtures designed to coat surfaces with desired attributes. Greases and oils with high thermal conductivities are used to coat heat-generating elements of electrical and mechanical systems to protect other system components from thermal damage. If the conductivity is too low, dangerous static charge may build up during high speed pumping operations, potentially leading to explosive conditions. The wear scars on the stationary balls are measured and the load is increased until lubrication breaks down completely causing the balls to weld together (Weld Load). A forth ball is placed on top, in the center of the three balls. Thread compounds often contain thickeners including graphite and metals (lead, zinc, copper). The Lincoln Ventmeter incorporates a 25-foot long, 1/4 inch diameter pipe with a pump to pressurize the grease and a valve to vent the grease. Polymers are added to improve the viscosity index of these fluids. However, the use of saturated fatty acids for low temperature applications is often limited because they solidify at relatively high temperatures compared to unsaturated fatty acids. Other times (such as 1000 hours) and temperatures are available. The ISO Solid Particulate Code number of particles greater than 5 micrometers and particles greater than 15 micrometers are reported. The wax sample is melted and a solvent is added to dissolve the oil. For the Closed Drum Test a flame acts as the ignition source inside a horizontal 55 gallon drum. The specific heat capacity is reported in both Joules gram-1 K-1 and calories gram-1 ºC-1. When requesting this test, please specify Method A or Method B. The active sulfur is calculated and reported as percentage in the sample. To assess the flammability before solvent evaporation, pipe cleaners are soaked in the sample and then repeatedly drawn over a flame until a self-sustained burn appears. Release of the Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) during use may alter lubricant properties and emit potentially toxic vapors into the atmosphere. The sample is placed in the viscometer test cell assembly, heated for two hours and cooled slowly to the test temperature for the duration of the test. This technique may simulate oil losses expected through the grease seals typically used on machines and tools used in 'Lubricated for Life' bearings. If no changes are observed, a “pass” is reported, otherwise a fail is reported and observations of those failing properties are stated. The torque resulting from grease lubricated tapered roller bearings rotating at one rpm is measured. Solid film lubricants are designed to durably adhere to metal surfaces under extreme temperature conditions and may be a good alternative to traditional lubricants. To lessen the rate of oxidation, antioxidants are added. This method determines the percent of ash producing compounds in petroleum products with no metallic additives including fuels, oils, waxes and other petroleum products. This test determines evaporation and bleed (oil separation) of silicone compounds exposed to elevated temperatures as required for SAE-AS-8660. The sample is placed in the prism box of a refractometer and brought to the test temperature. Although this is not a lubricant test per se, lubricating emulsions such as metal working fluids, drilling fluids and spray multi-purpose lubricants are applied to surfaces in a similar manner so that volatile components evaporate away leaving non-volatile components to coat the intended surfaces. Nitrogen is bubbled through the oil, the vessel is covered and heated to the test temperature for the test time. ISO 2811 Paints and Varnishes - Determination of Density - Part 1 - Pyknometer Method, ASTM D70 Density of Semi-Solid Bituminous Materials (Pycnometer Method). Larger particles may cause wear of system components. Lubricating oils may be exposed to elevated temperatures during usage. When requesting this test, please specify the test temperature. Wakefield, VA – Lubricant Sales and Distribution 546 Railroad Ave. Wakefield, VA 23888. This test, while intended for aviation fuels may also determine the electrical conductivity of lubricating oils. The sample is cooled, placed in the test chamber and brought to the test temperature. The sample is placed into the test cylinder and brought to the test temperature. My bill was $750 when it should have been half that. Thank you, you have successfully subscribed to our newsletter! Please specify the desired temperature. Halogenated organic solvents are used in metal cleaning products, automotive aerosols and lubricants. The borderline pumping temperature is the lowest temperature at which an adequate flow of oil can be continuously supplied to the engine. Lubricating grease should be a homogenous mixture of oil with a thickener. A carefully weighed sample is placed in a Soxhlet thimble and extracted with water. Upon withdrawal, the wax coated thermometer is slowly rotated and observed while cooling in air. This test determines foaming tendencies in lubricants in the presence of small amounts of water. Digital color photos can also be provided (e-mail or snail mail) at additional cost. Related tests: Petro-Lubricant Testing Labs offer several tests relating to oil separation. Grease for automotive chassis components and universal joints for non-extreme temperatures and frequent relubrication intervals. By mathematical treatment of the scar sizes at the increasing loads an indexing value which characterizes the load carrying capacity of the fluid is obtained and reported as the Load Wear Index (LWI) along with the Weld Load. This test determines the coking tendency of an oil by splashing it onto hot metal surfaces at high temperatures. A sample of grease is heated in the drop point cup until the sample melts or separates and runs out a small hole in the bottom of the cup. The sample is combined with the appropriate reagents and the Karl Fisher (iodine-containing) reagent is titrated into the mixture. The pressure drop caused by oxygen uptake during the test is measured and reported in psi or kPa. Note: This test substitutes a nickel cone with 1.0 mm holes for the wire screen used in ASTM D6184 and FTM-321. The turbidity of the sample is reported as “more than”, “less than” or “equal to” the standard. In a standard grease worker, the grease is pushed back and forth through a metal plate with holes.
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